On the Second-best Policy of Household's Waste Recycling

This study analyzes the second-best household's waste recycling policy. If we assume the first-best economy with no illegal disposal or transaction costs, then unit pricing, an advance disposal fee and a recycling subsidy are required in order to achieve the social optimum such that both the sum of unit pricing and an advance disposal fee and the sum of unit pricing and a recycling subsidy are equal to the marginal disposal cost. Furthermore, the first-best outcome can also be obtained by a producer take-back requirement system.In the real economy, however, various factors prevent the first-best optimal outcome. In this study we consider two factors, one being the transaction cost associated with a recycling subsidy (or refund) and the other being illegal disposal by the consumer. If a recycling subsidy (or a deposit-refund system) is adopted, a transaction cost associated with it will be generated. Alternatively, if unit pricing is adopted, some of the consumed goods may be disposed of illegally. We show the complete trade-off between unit pricing and a recycling subsidy. In other words, we can not adopt unit pricing and a recycling subsidy simultaneously. As a result, there are three candidates for the second-best policy: unit pricing with an advance disposal fee, a deposit-refund system, and a producer take-back requirement system.Which of these three policies is the second-best policy will depend on the relative magnitude of the price of a recycled good and the marginal transaction cost associated with a recycling subsidy (or the refund in a deposit-refund system). Generally, if the price of a recycled good is positive and the marginal transaction cost is relatively high, unit pricing with an advance disposal fee is the second-best policy. However, where the price of a recycled good is negative and the marginal transaction cost is relatively high, a producer take-back requirement system is the second-best policy. Further, where the marginal transaction cost is relatively low, a deposit-refund system is the second-best policy, regardless of whether the price of a recycled good is positive or negative.     

我国现行融资制度功能的理论及实证分析

内生于经济增长的融资制度应具备筹资功能、降低交易成本功能、价格发现功能、流动性功能和风险转移功能等五方面的功能.我国现行融资制度基本能够有效地进行储蓄动员,但在向资本转化方面存在着一定的障碍;作为公共资源的政府融资仍然发挥着相当重要的作用,但金融市场对经济的促进作用有进一步弱化的趋势;在地区间和企业间存在着资源的逆配置现象,总体上资本的运用效率较低,而非正规金融发挥了不可或缺的作用;严格的利率管制使中介的价格发现功能几乎没有,而市场的价格发现功能一直较弱;此外,存在较高的交易成本,流动性水平整体较低,风险转移功能也相对缺乏.     

How are young music artists configuring their media and sales platforms in the digital age?

Abstract

Research on how music artists generate sales from their content through different platforms is scant. In this study, configuration theory is used to show that different market access configurations are viable simultaneously and that young musicians differ significantly in how they generate revenues. Using data on the media and sales performance of 338 young musicians in the Netherlands, we show that there is an ‘Emerging Star’ group (7–13% of artists depending on regional scope) and that record labels play an important role in this configuration providing broad media access on all platforms, both old and new. Digital age ‘Independents’ (14% of young artists), mostly without a record label, seem to benefit from the use of social media while exploiting synergies around live music. All artists in the remaining groups ‘Question Marks’ and ‘Hobbyists’ experience low to very low performance on all platforms. This study shows that configuration theory can provide detailed insight into viable and unviable marketing strategies. In particular, it shows that the globally declining music CD platform can still be very important for specific artists that exploit synergies between live performances, on-site CD sales and social media fan relationship management. The implications for marketing theory and young music artists are discussed.     

河北省农村税费改革与基础教育经费筹资渠道的变化

农村税费制度改革的提出不是从基础教育经费筹集问题开始的,也不是以保持教育经费投入为出发点和归属点的,而是旨在减轻农民负担,增加农民收入。但是,农村税费改革与农村基础教育经费的筹集关系极大,它直接关系到农村基础教育的稳定与发展。本文从保证基础教育经费投入稳定和增长这一角度,分析税费制度改革前后农村基础教育经费数量和筹资渠道的变化,探讨税费改革对基础教育经费投入所带来的新问题及解决办法,以确保巩固农村税费改革的成果以及农村义务教育的顺利实施。     

中小企业信誉资源研究

中小企业的信誉是一种战略资源,中小企业可以利用它整合企业的其他资源,进而提高企业的资源利用效率。经营中小企业的信誉资源需要中小企业首先确立自身的竞争优势,然后通过报表等手段向外部正确显示企业的实力。企业信誉文化和信誉资源管理机制的建立为中小企业持续经营信誉资源,维持中小企业的信誉提供了保障。同时,企业家信誉资源也是企业信誉资源的重要组成部分。     

Exploring online comments from a strategic marketing stance to reduce wildlife crime

Illegal wildlife trade (IWT) is an omnipresent global threat to ecological, social, and economic systems. Marketing expertise can aid in the mitigation and reduction of crime against wildlife using a variety of mechanisms. This paper focuses on how social media usage relates to the framing of conservation appeals. By studying the content of existing blogs, articles, white papers, and other online postings, we extract relevant themes and concepts. Conducting an unguided semantic analysis of our data, we analyzed messaging appeal strategies and the underlying social or informational frameworks they employ. Using literature on advertising appeal types and contrasting social/emotional with knowledge-based/informational messaging strategies, we identified how wildlife crime prevention content employs these rhetorical framing mechanisms. Through the lens of social learning theory, our study proposes messaging strategies as a framework for understanding online content. Crimes against wildlife are creating increasingly severe ecological, economic, and social damage within international political and social communities; individuals learn from and engage with online content, therefore appropriate framing mechanisms can aid marketers in designing effective prevention appeals.     

‘The Muncy–Vitell Consumer Ethics Scale: A Modification and Application’

This study compares college students with other adults in terms of the Muncy–Vitell (1992) consumer ethics scale. Further, the study updates the Muncy–Vitell consumer ethics scale with modifications that include rewording and the addition of new items. These new items can be grouped into three distinct categories – (1) downloading/buying counterfeit goods, (2) recycling/environmental awareness and (3) doing the right thing/doing good. The study also compares these two groups in terms of their attitude toward business. Results show that there is indeed a significant difference between these two groups in terms of ethical perceptions, but not in terms of the “recycling” items and the “doing good” items. There was also little difference between the groups in terms of their attitude toward business indicating that attitude toward business does not explain their different ethical perspectives.     

试论“私募基金”在我国的发展

私募基金作为一种投资工具在我国还尚未正式出现 ,而是以各种形式存在于地下。必须对私募基金进行常识性的介绍、分类和比较 ,才能看出私募基金的规范和健康发展对我国经纪业、证券业、资本市场乃至整个国民经济产业结构具有深远影响。并且显示出私募基金的存在是资本增殖内在要求这一主题。可以说私募基金的发展具有历史必然性和现实迫切性     

从违法建筑登记谈不动产登记审查范围

不动产登记机构在办理转移登记时发现不动产上存在违法建筑,这类情形是否需要审查,能否登记。文章结合案例分析,认为不动产登记是物权公示行为,没有确权功能;无权审查登记原因行为合法性和有效性,不应审查与物权效力无关的内容;不应将属于其他部门行政管理职责且登记人员无力和无权审查的内容列入审查内容;属于产权管理应由出让合同约定的事项不宜作为登记申请审查内容。将法律法规有明确规定且登记人员可以把握的事项作为审查内容,对闲置土地等需要审查但未列入法律法规的应尽量列入法律法规。对于已经被认定为违法建筑的不动产,登记人员应按照相关规定不予办理登记,但不宜主动认定为违法建筑并因此不予办理转移登记。